Notes, Footnotes, and Bibliography
You and your supervisor should decide on the form and location of footnotes and the presentation of the bibliography at an early stage in the writing of the thesis, following a style guide or style of a significant refereed journal in your field.
Notes and footnotes
Notes and footnotes must be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis.
Three possible locations:
- at the bottom of pages
- at the end of chapters
- at the end of the main body of the text immediately preceding the bibliography
Bibliography/References/Works Cited
There must be only one bibliography in a thesis.
- must start at the top of a page
- must be listed in the table of contents
- must not have a chapter number, as it is not a chapter
Note: If you have web links in your bibliography they must be functional, and you must include the date on which you retrieved the material from the Web. Exception: if the link is a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), no retrieval information is needed.
Appendices
Each appendix must start on a new page. The titles of the appendices must be included in the table of contents.
Examples of items often included as appendices:
- Detailed methodologies
- Details of experimental data
- Diagrams of specialized equipment developed
- Samples of surveys
Scholarly artifacts (e.g. documents such as policy briefs, curricula, business plans,) should ideally be included in the body of the thesis. Alternately, they may be included in the appendices.
Audio, visual, and graphic representations that form part(s) of a thesis will be submitted separately from the PDF of the text portion. They should normally be listed in the table of contents under a separate heading (e.g. “List of Multimedia”, “List of Videos”, for example), rather than in the appendices.
Important: You must remove any signatures that may appear in the appendices (and in the rest of the thesis), and remove any personal information. Do not include copies of ethics certificates in the appendices.