Robert Boushel

Professor

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Graduate Student Supervision

Doctoral Student Supervision

Dissertations completed in 2010 or later are listed below. Please note that there is a 6-12 month delay to add the latest dissertations.

Physiological computations underlying our internal representation of vestibular self-motion (2023)

Humans, as with other organisms, rely on sensing for survival. The principles implemented by the brain to interpret this sensory information; however, remain open for investigation. The vestibular sense provides information about self-motion and orientation, which in part allows us to properly perceive self-motion in space and to navigate the surrounding environment. The purpose of this thesis was to advance the current knowledge of how the brain processes sensory cues of motion. Because the mechanisms that govern the central integration of vestibular information are difficult to reveal through everyday experiences, we used experimentally controlled sensory stimuli to probe vestibular-related neurophysiological and psychophysical behaviours. Studies presented in this thesis emerge from a first principles approach looking at integration of signals from primary vestibular afferents using a novel sampling-based dynamical inference model. Experiment 1 characterized perceptual self-motion during and following constant vestibular stimulation and contextualized how percepts arise from the integration of differently adapting primary vestibular afferents based on the brain’s expectation about one’s self-motion. Experiment 2 examined why perception changes when different vestibular end-organs encodes the same gravity-neutral whole-body motion. We showed that vestibular otoliths provide the brain additional information of self-rotation, a role primarily attributed to the vestibular semicircular canals. Experiments 3 and 4 together evaluated electrical vestibular stimulation for probing the vestibular system in humans. Here, we used current physiological data of primary vestibular afferent responses to both mechanical and electrical stimuli to predict and evaluate their equivalence in central processing in humans. Subsequently, a real-time solution for human-in-the-loop vestibular sense modulation using electrical vestibular stimulation during active head movements was developed using our identified equivalency. Altogether, this thesis highlights that our perceptions are shaped by our past experiences. Likewise, we show that equivalent perceptual and oculomotor behaviours can be elicited by matching the predicted response of primary vestibular afferents. The novel work presented here offers new theoretical and applied principles about vestibular processing, and the sensory integration process at large. More importantly, this may lead to novel and testable hypotheses for future studies to build upon in both fundamental and clinical areas.

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Master's Student Supervision

Theses completed in 2010 or later are listed below. Please note that there is a 6-12 month delay to add the latest theses.

Exercise testing in preventative health populations: predictors of achieving maximal exercise capacity (2024)

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) testing in preventative health (PH) settings offers healthcare practitioners a feasible tool to stratify chronic disease risk in patients. While this has been established as a powerful tool of assessing mortality risk, it is still not included as part of routine healthcare. Understanding of CRF testing in PH populations could better inform best practices in its implementation. Objective: This study aimed to provide insight on exercise testing in PH populations exploring the CRF and clinical profiles of patients who underwent a maximal exercise test. Three questions were addressed: 1) What is the proportion of exercise tests in which maximal exercise capacity (MEC) is achieved? 2) Are there pre-test characteristics that affect the proportion of exercise tests in which MEC is achieved? 3) What determines exercise test termination in PH populations? Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients completing an exercise test between 2022-2024. Exercise tests from 619 patients were included. The frequency of achieving MEC in a PH population was determined. Exercise mode, test protocol, and pre-test demographics were explored as predictors of achieving MEC. As well, reasons for exercise test termination were discussed.Results: In a PH population, 77% of individuals achieved MEC. Older age showed a widespread effect on achievement of MEC. Patients over the age of 70 were less likely to reach MEC in both cis-males (p<.001 and="" cis-females="" individuals="" who="" are="" active="" sedentary="" unknown="" pa="" behaviour="" those="" with="" elevated="" cvd="" risk="" using="" treadmills="" following="" the="" bruce-ramp="" protocol="" most="" common="" reason="" for="" termination="" an="" exercise="" test="" was="" fatigue="" or="" dyspnea="" conclusion:="" when="" working="" older="" adults="" clinicians="" should="" take="" extra="" care="" in="" understanding="" their="" experience="" as="" well="" factors="" impact="" on="" select="" mode="" best="" suited="" to="" patient.="" further="" assessment="" of="" crf="" profiles="" ph="" patients="" will="" contribute="" methodological="" rigour="" required="" evaluation="" programming="" support="" future="" explorations="" meaningful="" impacts="" health="" outcomes.="">
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